The duration of the Austro-Hungarian union was initially set for a period of 10 years the need to renew it gave Hungary the possibility to make demands on the Austrian part, especially as the internal situation in Hungary was more favourable than in Austria (it had a material, cultural, and political advantage over other nationalities in the country). Joint affairs were conducted individually by the delegations of the Austrian and Hungarian parliaments and three common ministries: Foreign Affairs, War, and Finance the Ministry of Finance only paid for the first two ministries Hungary covered only 30% of the joint budget. Both parts of the monarchy shared the monarch (Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary), foreign policy, army, finances, currency, and customs area constitutions, governments, parliaments, and territorial armed forces formed in the later period were all separate. The state had a total area of 676,615 km 2, which made Austro-Hungary the second largest state on the European continent (after Russia) it had 35.9 million inhabitants in 1869 and 52.8 million in 1914 in 1910, the largest ethnic groups were Germans (12 million), Hungarians (10 million), Czechs and Slovaks (8.5 million), Serbs and Croats (5.6 million), and Poles (5 million) the dominant religious denomination was Catholicism of both rites (Latin and Greek) – 77.7% of the population, followed by Protestants – 8.8%. The monarchy was composed of: 1) the lands of the Austrian Empire: Upper Austria and Lower Austria, Salzburg, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, Tyrol, Vorarlberg, Gorizia and Gradisca, Trieste, Istria, Dalmatia, Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia, Galicia and Lodomeria, and Bukovina 2) the lands of the Hungarian Crown: Hungary, Transylvania, Croatia, Slavonia, and Fiume (Rijeka) 3) Bosnia and Herzegovina, occupied since 1878 and annexed in 1908. The union was based on laws introduced in 1867 by Emperor Franz Joseph I in the form of a binational treaty concluded between the Emperor of Austria and the King of Hungary – in one person the Austrian part of the monarchy bore the official name of the Kingdoms and Lands they were represented in the Imperial Council this part of the empire was colloquially called Cisleithania the Hungarian part, the so-called Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen, was called Transleithania. The United States would join as an "associated power" in 1917.Austria-Hungary – dualistic state formed at the turn of 1868 as a result of the transformation of the Austrian Empire on the basis of equality between Austria and Hungary, which became connected by a real union under the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty. Italy would join in 1915 after having left the Triple Alliance. This would be the core of the Allied Powers.Ĭentral Powers (1914): This was the wartime alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.Īllied Powers (1914-17): The Allied Powers would originally consist of Great Britain, France, and Russia. An agreement between Great Britain, France, and Russia. Triple Entente (1907): A counter to the Triple Alliance. Kaiser Wilhelm also did not renew the Reinsurance Treaty in 1890 which meant now France could get Russia to side with them!įranco-Russian Alliance (1894): Russia allied with France for protection against Germany and Austria-Hungary. This treaty would last until 1890, when Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany forced Bismarck to resign his post as chancellor. Russian-German Reinsurance Treaty (1887): After Russia did not renew the Three Emperor's League, Bismarck worked out the Russian-German Reinsurance Treaty which stated that Germany and Russia would stay neutral if the other was attacked. Bismarck signed an alliance with Italy and Austria-Hungary as it would keep Italy from attacking Austria-Hungary or from siding with Russia. The Triple Alliance (1882): Italy feared French ambitions in the area of Tunisia and needed an ally. The Dual Alliance (1879): After Russia departed from the Three Emperor's League in 1878, Bismarck signed a treaty with Austria-Hungary known as the Dual Alliance. The Three Emperor's League ((1873): This was an alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia to help each other quash liberal threats rising up in those countries. Bismarckian System of Alliances: Created by German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, this system was created after the Franco-Prussian War to maintain the newly created German Empire and to keep France and Russia in check.
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